Fractions, decimals, percentages & ratio

Recognise & find halves and quarters (then thirds) of shapes, objects and quantities.

Unit & non-unit fractions with small denominators as numbers; numerator/denominator; equivalence (½ = 2/4); compare same-denominator fractions; add/subtract same-denominator.

Fractions on the number line; frame a fraction between whole numbers; fractions > 1 & mixed numbers ↔ improper; families of equivalent fractions; fraction of a quantity; fraction as a multiplicative operator.

Decimals via decimal fractions / place value: tenths & hundredths, read/write/compare, decimal ↔ fraction, round to 1 dp; money as the entry point at lower stages.

Decimals to thousandths; +, −, ×, ÷ decimals; add/subtract fractions with unlike denominators; multiply a fraction/whole by a fraction; multiplication as scaling; terminating vs repeating decimals.

Percentages as parts per 100; fraction ↔ decimal ↔ percentage equivalence; find a percentage of a quantity; percentages in financial contexts — discounts, interest, budgeting.

Divide fractions (÷ a whole, ÷ a fraction); fraction as a quotient (a/b = a ÷ b).

Ratio notation, unit rate, proportion problems (reduction to the unit), scale & scale drawings, percentage change & simple interest, compound units (speed, unit pricing, density).